The objective of present study is to discover the ways and quality of the parents' influence on the children's religiosity from the view of psychology of religion. In this study, some different researches conducted by psychologists of... more
The objective of present study is to discover the ways and quality of the parents' influence on the children's religiosity from the view of psychology of religion. In this study, some different researches conducted by psychologists of religion on this subject were considered and the various ways of parents' influence on the children's religiosity were classified. The findings showed that the most important factor in the formation and extent of the children's religiosity is the parents. The parents form their children's religiosity in different ways and conditions. There are some factors which affect the formation of the children's religiosity including the parents' religiosity, giving importance to the religious customs by the parents, the relationship of the parents with each other and also with their children, taking into consideration the children's needs, the style of parenting, and the amount of the parents' interest to their children.
Keywords
parents children religiosity psychological factors the imagination of God
Keywords
parents children religiosity psychological factors the imagination of God
This research aimed to study a causal model of the relationship among religion, psychological hardiness, worldism, and problem-solving among soldiers. 110 soldiers with different service years were selected by the simple random sampling... more
This research aimed to study a causal model of the relationship among religion, psychological hardiness, worldism, and problem-solving among soldiers. 110 soldiers with different service years were selected by the simple random sampling among the population (soldiers of the Fourth Base of Air-Force in the city of Isfahan) and responded to worldism questionnaire (MASAD), Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory (AHI), Khodayarifard's religiosity questionnaire, and Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R). The findings showed that a) religion directly affects problem-solving; b) religion also influences problem-solving by increasing hardiness and decreasing worldism. As a result, religion has an important role in facing life stresses and it can adjust the effects of severe crises in life
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This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the short-term pattern of Spiritually Multi-dimensional Psychotherapy (SMP) on controlling the depression symptoms. This study was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design... more
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the short-term pattern of Spiritually Multi-dimensional Psychotherapy (SMP) on controlling the depression symptoms. This study was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The population was the depressed visitors referring to the Counseling Center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and the Religious Counseling Center of Holy Shrine. According to the criteria for entry and exit, 40 visitors were selected and randomly placed into test and control groups. The study applied the Beck's depression inventory and the Janbozorgi's self-concept and God-image questionnaire. The test group received interventions during 12 one-half-hour sessions. The covariance analysis showed that in terms of the depression symptoms, there was a significant decrease in two groups. These interventions prepare the context of improving and making a real self-image and a real God-image and provide a mechanism of treatment and the sustainability of results by modifying the self-concept (a fictitious self-image) and God-image (a fictitious God-image)
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The researches have confirmed that religiosity has a positive relationship with comfort and physical and mental health. This study tried to investigate the relationship between the attitude to religion (including religious beliefs and... more
The researches have confirmed that religiosity has a positive relationship with comfort and physical and mental health. This study tried to investigate the relationship between the attitude to religion (including religious beliefs and rites) and inner comfort (including happiness, life satisfaction, self-esteem) through hope and the meaning of life. 493 students in different fields of study were non-randomly selected among the universities of Tehran and answered the following questionnaires: The scale of inner happiness, the scale of life satisfaction, the Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, the scale of Muslims' attitude to religion, the test of purpose in life, and the scale of hope. The findings indicated that the attitude to religion has a positive relationship with happiness, life satisfaction, self-esteem, hope, and the meaning of life. The Sobel test confirmed that hope and the meaning of life play a mediator role in the relationship of attitude to religion with happiness, life satisfaction, and self-esteem. Hope and meaning are the essence of religion. This study concluded that the essence of religion helps the humans' comfort.
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The aim of this research was to answer the following questions: What are the factors and aspects of Islamic civilization (in terms of material and spiritual dimensions) and what is the relationship between these two dimensions? The... more
The aim of this research was to answer the following questions: What are the factors and aspects of Islamic civilization (in terms of material and spiritual dimensions) and what is the relationship between these two dimensions? The content analysis of Imam Khomeini's written works was applied in this research. The results showed that a) the Islamic civilization is a truth in which the material and spiritual dimensions are along with each other; b) some of the aspects of Islamic civilization are as follows: knowledge, advancement and welfare, spirituality, safety, policy, Islamic nation, Islamic unity, etc.; c) according to the Imam Khomeini's thought, the Islamic civilization is monotheism-centered and all of the mentioned aspects are based on the monotheism; d) if the knowledge, technology, and material advancement are managed by the reason and revelation, the society will go to the evolution and excellence and if they are not managed by the reason and revelation, the society will decline.
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The aim of this study was to formulate a therapy protocol according to the mindfulness based on the activation of spiritual-Islamic schemas in the girl students' marital satisfaction. The population was all girl students studying in the... more
The aim of this study was to formulate a therapy protocol according to the mindfulness based on the activation of spiritual-Islamic schemas in the girl students' marital satisfaction. The population was all girl students studying in the Islamic Azad University in the city of Kangavar, in 2016-2017. 28 students who got the lower scores in the marital satisfaction were voluntarily selected and were randomly placed into the test and control groups of 14. The two groups completed the Jadiri's marital satisfaction questionnaire, once before the test, one time immediately after the test, and once a month after the intervention. The data were analyzed with the help of both one-way ANOVA and multi-way ANOVA tests. The findings showed that the researcher-formulated therapy protocol can significantly increase the level of marital satisfaction among students. This increase also happened in the follow-up phase. As a result, the therapy protocol of mindfulness based on the spiritual-Islamic schemas is a proper way to increase the level of marital satisfaction among the couples.
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The purpose of this study was to construct and validate an assessment scale for spiritual needs. The first version of the scale, which included 164 items, was formulated with the help of the Shojaei's (2007) article. The population was... more
The purpose of this study was to construct and validate an assessment scale for spiritual needs. The first version of the scale, which included 164 items, was formulated with the help of the Shojaei's (2007) article. The population was the students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. This descriptive-analytical study was done by the survey method. Then, the scale was reduced to 74 items according to the experts' ideas. By the simple random sampling, 740 students were selected as the sample and answered the questionnaire. For analyzing the data, the confirmatory factor analysis of main components by covariance or correlation matrix was used with the help of SPSS software. The calculation of Cronbach's alpha showed that the internal reliability coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0.98. The factor loading of all components ranging from 0.82 to 0.92 and all questions ranging from 0.58 to 0.86 was significant. Therefore, this scale can assess the spiritual needs with the research and diagnostic objectives.
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This research aimed to investigate the relationship between Islamic lifestyle and marital satisfaction with the mediation of optimism. The correlation and path analysis was applied with the help of AMOS20 software. The population was the... more
This research aimed to investigate the relationship between Islamic lifestyle and marital satisfaction with the mediation of optimism. The correlation and path analysis was applied with the help of AMOS20 software. The population was the married public employees of the Consumers and Producers Protection Organization in Tehran and 214 employees (94 men and 120 women) were selected by the cluster sampling. They answered the Afrouz's couples' satisfaction questionnaire, Nouri's Islamic optimism questionnaire, and the Heirat et al.'s couples' Islamic lifestyle questionnaire. The findings demonstrated that there is a positive and significant relationship between Islamic lifestyle and marital satisfaction (p<0.01), in which Islamic lifestyle has a direct and meaningful effect on marital satisfaction (p<0.05). In addition, the standard value of the indirect effect of lifestyle with the mediation of optimism on marital satisfaction is significant at the level of 0.05. Therefore, Islamic lifestyle with the mediation of optimism has an indirect effect on marital satisfaction and two variables of optimism and Islamic lifestyle explain marital satisfaction
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The aim of this study was to formulate a therapy protocol according to the mindfulness based on the activation of spiritual-Islamic schemas in the girl students' marital satisfaction. The population was all girl students studying in the... more
The aim of this study was to formulate a therapy protocol according to the mindfulness based on the activation of spiritual-Islamic schemas in the girl students' marital satisfaction. The population was all girl students studying in the Islamic Azad University in the city of Kangavar, in 2016-2017. 28 students who got the lower scores in the marital satisfaction were voluntarily selected and were randomly placed into the test and control groups of 14. The two groups completed the Jadiri's marital satisfaction questionnaire, once before the test, one time immediately after the test, and once a month after the intervention. The data were analyzed with the help of both one-way ANOVA and multi-way ANOVA tests. The findings showed that the researcher-formulated therapy protocol can significantly increase the level of marital satisfaction among students. This increase also happened in the follow-up phase. As a result, the therapy protocol of mindfulness based on the spiritual-Islamic schemas is a proper way to increase the level of marital satisfaction among the couples.
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The topic of this essay is to present a scale of spiritual health based on Islamic sources. The method of qualitative content analysis of verses and narrations and some other Islamic texts and sources is with the semantics approach, and... more
The topic of this essay is to present a scale of spiritual health based on Islamic sources. The method of qualitative content analysis of verses and narrations and some other Islamic texts and sources is with the semantics approach, and of course, the opinions of experts have also been received from the method of checking content validity using CVI and CVR. According to the semantic approach and semantic analysis of about one hundred Quranic words related to spiritual health, four concepts of cultivation, good life, piety and peace (a healthy heart) were finally obtained as the main components of spiritual health. To build a spiritual health scale according to the arguments in the text of the article, the focus of the search was focused on the word "piety" and in the four dimensions of piety in relation to God (seeking),
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The conversational trait of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is one of his famous personal and social characteristics, which is mentioned in some verses. This feature, despite its advantages, may have some challenges in having a successful effect,... more
The conversational trait of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is one of his famous personal and social characteristics, which is mentioned in some verses. This feature, despite its advantages, may have some challenges in having a successful effect, depending on the type of audience. In this research, by referring to one of the behavior classification methods called the DISC method, based on which the main and dominant tendencies of people are classified, and by using the Qur'an reports, the personal and social behaviors of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) are systematic and chain. It is drawn, an attempt has been made to determine the continuity of the trait of conversational with other attributes of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). In this way, the ten personality traits of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), of which conversational is one of them, were considered to be similar to the characteristics of model S and its combination with I and C, which indicates the behavioral continuity of this trait with other characteristics, and while pointing out some consequences of conversational, eight The adjustment behavior that God recommended to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) has been proposed, which is similar to the management indicators of model D and its combination with C. The method used in this article is mixed qualitative content analysis, that is, based on qualitative content analysis, Qur'anic data were analyzed at the same time and it was done with a combined approach, i.e. inductive and deductive.
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The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the sexual fidelity intervention of spouses in increasing marital satisfaction and commitment based on the Islamic model of regulating sexual behavior. For... more
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the sexual fidelity intervention of spouses in increasing marital satisfaction and commitment based on the Islamic model of regulating sexual behavior. For this purpose, a single-subject experimental design with multiple baselines and a sample including three couples was used. The findings showed that all three couples showed an increasing and improving trend in the scale of marital satisfaction (71%) and in the scale of marital commitment (61.5) after starting the intervention. The percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) of 100% for the second couple (male and female) in the marital satisfaction scale showed the high effectiveness of the intervention in this variable, and this index was 80% for the first and third couple, which shows the relative validity of the intervention. has it. Also, (100% of non-overlapping data (PND) in the scale of marital commitment for the woman in the third couple shows the high effectiveness of the intervention in this variable, and this indicator was 80% for the first couple, the second couple and the man in the third couple, which shows the validity The intervention has a relative effect on this variable. These findings show that sexual fidelity intervention based on the Islamic model of regulating sexual behavior is effective in increasing marital satisfaction and commitment.
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The purpose of this study was to prepare an educational package to prevent emotional divorce of couples based on teachings of Islam. This research was done qualitatively by content analysis method. The statistical population of this... more
The purpose of this study was to prepare an educational package to prevent emotional divorce of couples based on teachings of Islam. This research was done qualitatively by content analysis method. The statistical population of this research is Islamic teachings which include Quran and Shiite narrative books. data was collected by jameolahadis software; In this way, after studying psychological sources about emotional divorce, The components of preventing emotional divorce as well as their corresponding components were extracted from Islamic teachings. Then with the key Words related to these components were searched for verses and hadiths. And findings in several stages by using thematic analysis method, was reviewed by the researcher and unrelated propositions were excluded from the research and 395 propositions were finalized. Following Qualitative content analysis, 208 basic themes, 12 organizing themes and one comprehensive theme were categorized and coded. All topics were validated by experts, Then, based on the obtained components, the structure and content of the package were compiled. These components were: Commitment and management, politeness and respect, forgiveness, fairness, humility, good mood, optimism, resilience, anger management, honesty, Love and intimacy and financial intelligence. This package includes one 45-minute pre-session and 12, 90-minute sessions; that was validated by experts through Cohen’s Kappa coefficient and the coefficient was close to 0.9, which was an acceptable number
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The aim of this research was to predict psychological wellbeing in elderly, based of emotion regulation strategies, quality of attachment to God, and existential anxiety. Statistical sample included 218 elderlies over 60 years old,... more
The aim of this research was to predict psychological wellbeing in elderly, based of emotion regulation strategies, quality of attachment to God, and existential anxiety. Statistical sample included 218 elderlies over 60 years old, attending in the parks of urban districts 2&5 in Tehran, selected in a non-random accessible way, based on Green rule of thumb method. The research was a descriptive correlation research type, using Reef psychological well-being questionnaire (long form), Garnefski& co cognitive emotion regulation strategies questionnaire, GhobaryBonab attachment to God questionnaire, and Good& Good existential anxiety questionnaire for data control. Pearson correlation coefficient test and regression analysis were used for data analyze and research hypotheses control. The results indicated the significance level of the variables of positive and negative emotion regulation strategies, quality of attachment to God and existential anxiety were less than 0.05(P<0.05). As a result, there is a significant relationship between noted variables and psychological well-being. This means that positive emotion regulation strategies and quality of attachment to God are positive significant predictors of psychological wellbeing; while negative emotion regulation strategies and existential anxiety are negative significant predictors of psychological wellbeing.
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Modesty is one of the personality and moral characteristics that affects the individual and social life of a person. The main purpose of this research is to create and standardization the questionnaire of modesty. The method of the... more
Modesty is one of the personality and moral characteristics that affects the individual and social life of a person. The main purpose of this research is to create and standardization the questionnaire of modesty. The method of the current research is correlational; The statistical population of this research was all undergraduate and graduate students, and finally, 400 participants were included in the present study using available sampling method. In order to collect data, a 37-question questionnaire the researcher made Modesty was used. According to experts, the validity of this questionnaire was obtained based on Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) of 0.80 and 0.65, respectively. Also, Principal Axis Factoring (PAF) with varimax rotation, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to check the psychometric properties of the questions; The results showed that the 37-question questionnaire developed to measure modesty has 7 factors, which explains 58.304% of the total variance of the modesty structure. Each of the following 7 factors in the order of self-control (10/739), self-esteem (11/126), moral ideology (7/892), behavior according to social customs and norms (4/687), sexual chastity (334/334) 9), chastity in speech (5.499), and chastity in look (9.028) explains a significant amount of the total variance. Also, the internal stability of modesty components based on Cronbach's alpha and Macdonald's omega indices was higher than 0.7, which indicates the acceptable homogeneity of the components of the desired structure. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each of the sub-components, respectively, self-control (0.845), self-esteem (0.892), moral ideology (0.909), behavior in accordance with customs and social norms (0.809) ), sexual chastity (0.961), speech in chastity (0.718), and chastity in look (0.925) were obtained; Therefore, the built scale provides the ability to measure modesty and can be used in the measurements of personality and social issues.
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Achieving spiritual health is one of the important issues that have occupied the minds of psychologists and spiritual people for years. The aim of the present study was to examine the multivariate relationship between the components of... more
Achieving spiritual health is one of the important issues that have occupied the minds of psychologists and spiritual people for years. The aim of the present study was to examine the multivariate relationship between the components of family flexibility and cohesion, self-evaluation cores (self-respect, generalized self-efficacy, self-control, neuroticism) and positive dimensions (spiritual improvement) of spiritual health. 210 women living in the city of Qom responded to the questionnaires of this research online through available sampling. To measure the research variables, family flexibility scale (Olson, Goral, Teazel, 2006), self-evaluation cores (Judge, Luck and Durham, 1997), spiritual well-being (Palotzin and Ellison, 1982) were used. The research findings were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis and structural equation model. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between the research variables. Also, family variables (flexibility and cohesion) can explain the variance of the positive dimensions of spiritual health. Another important finding of the current research was the mediating power of self-evaluation cores in explaining the relationship between flexibility and family cohesion and the index of spiritual health. Considering the findings of this research, it is suggested to pay attention to family indicators and self-evaluation cores in achieving spiritual health.
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The aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of critical thinking in the relationship between spirituality and mental health. The research design was correlation of path analysis type. First, the correlation between... more
The aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of critical thinking in the relationship between spirituality and mental health. The research design was correlation of path analysis type. First, the correlation between the variables was investigated and then the path analysis test was conducted to investigate the mediating role. 205 master's students of Valiasr University Complex participated in this accessible research in the academic year 2018-2019. Critical thinking skills tests of California form (B), spirituality questionnaire and general health questionnaire were used. Correlation between the result of mental health questionnaire with critical thinking (r= -0.158 and P<0.05) and self-awareness subscales (r= -0.510 and P<0.001), the importance of spiritual beliefs in life ( r= -0.419 and P<0.001), spiritual activities (r= -0.498 and P<0.001) and spiritual needs (r= -0.260 and P<0.001) from spirituality showed a significant relationship. In the results of path analysis, the mediating role of critical thinking in the relationship between spirituality and mental health was confirmed. The difference between the sub-scales of spirituality shows that among the types of spirituality, cases in which the two sub-scales of self-awareness and the importance of spiritual beliefs in life play a greater role with thinking and specifically critical thinking can be effective on mental health, which shows It is the difference between different spiritualities in mental health.
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Among major factors involved in the interpretation of approaches relating to study of personality are "various methods of personality measurement" and "study of various dimensions of personality". Accordingly, one of main issues in... more
Among major factors involved in the interpretation of approaches relating to study of personality are "various methods of personality measurement" and "study of various dimensions of personality". Accordingly, one of main issues in association with "difference among models" is methods and models of collecting data which, in turn, can be treated as a basic factor affecting formation of "psychological school of thoughts" and "research approaches of Islamic scholars" as well. In categorization of various methods of acquiring cognition, four main methods namely "experimental", "intellectual", "traditional", and "witnessed" can be identified. This research has been done based on both library and content analysis methods with which some psychological texts written by Islamic scholars and methodological issues posed by western theory makers of personality have been consulted. Also, it discusses on methods of personality measurement available in three main personality schools of thought – psychoanalysis, traits, and humanism – as well as three major Islamic approaches about human – traditional, intellectual, and mystical – and then, describes and addresses briefly methods and tests relating to such approaches. Following this, in addition to analyzing and synthesizing results found in respective methodologies, some solutions have been provided for modern psychological studies in area of religion
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In this essay, effects of religiousness based on William James's viewpoint have been discussed. He believes that religiousness has some effects including sanctity (holiness) which here is characterized as asceticism, purity, kindness, and... more
In this essay, effects of religiousness based on William James's viewpoint have been discussed. He believes that religiousness has some effects including sanctity (holiness) which here is characterized as asceticism, purity, kindness, and so on. In the present article, religiousness effects have been debated in the form of 6 sections – spiritual, ethical, epistemological, emotional, mental health, and personality or identity integrity. In concluding remarks of this essay, some related issues of religiousness effects, criticism on pragmatism, acceptance of pragmatic view and a couple of critics on James's standpoints have been mentioned
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This paper first has an overview on status and importance of needs in the field of psychology, and then due to the necessity of considering spiritual needs in needs hierarchy, deals with significance of spiritual needs on the basis of... more
This paper first has an overview on status and importance of needs in the field of psychology, and then due to the necessity of considering spiritual needs in needs hierarchy, deals with significance of spiritual needs on the basis of value thinking literature as well as related scholarly texts. Because of highly expansion of needs in the area "religious knowledge" beyond limit of human and his relations with self and others, in the present work, human's spiritual needs have been treated correspondent with Mazlov's needs pyramid in the form of 5 classes namely "existence needs", "spiritual safety needs", "need of love and friendship with God", "need of self-esteem", and "need of self-actualization and approach to God". Hopefully, such an approach can open a new door toward psychology of religion and highlights another dimension of human's needs not apparently considered in Mazlov's pyramid of needs
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The present research focuses on studying Islamic multifacets model in depression therapy and comparing it with Beck's cognitive model. These models were used for 12 female clients who referred to counseling center and were recognized as... more
The present research focuses on studying Islamic multifacets model in depression therapy and comparing it with Beck's cognitive model. These models were used for 12 female clients who referred to counseling center and were recognized as depressed individuals based on DSM-IV. It is notable that 4 and 8 subjects were undergone therapy via beck's model and Islamic model, respectively. Since the research was case study, clinical interview and Beck's depression scale were utilized. Accordingly, both of test groups completed Beck's depression scale in pre-therapy stage (baseline) during fourth, eighth, and twelfth sessions, as well as in post-therapy stage at follow-up stage (three months after finished therapy). Then, data collected were analyzed and scores of pretest and posttest stages were compared. Research findings demonstrated that both models were effective in depression therapy; but major differences in association with their applications and functions were observed. As a result of comparing scores available, it was found that Islamic multifacets model was more influential in the therapy of depression. Moreover, first test group had less improvement than second group in posttest stage and returned to some symptoms of depression during follow-up stage, while second test group individuals stayed in improvement limit after therapy course and even some of them had more improvement. In addition, time of therapy by Islamic multifacets model was shorter. Alongside such findings, some advantages of Islamic multifacets model compared to Beck's cognitive model in depression therapy have been debated.
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Many studies have demonstrated positive effects of religious believes and behaviors on physical as well as mental health. As evidence supporting such reality increases, religious and spiritual elements within theoretical models are being... more
Many studies have demonstrated positive effects of religious believes and behaviors on physical as well as mental health. As evidence supporting such reality increases, religious and spiritual elements within theoretical models are being accepted more. Although recent studies confirm this, more research should be done in to clarify inter-relations among religious structures and its correlated influences with health. The present article first provides some definitions for concepts "health" and "religion" which are compatible with the framework of health psychology, and discusses on relation between religious participation and religious orientation with mental health. Then, it deals with concept "religious coping" and Pargament's religious coping model so that cognitive and behavioral mechanisms which serve as a mediator between religion and mental health are investigated. Finally, it debates advantages and disadvantages of religious coping for health, and offers some recommendations for including religious variables in the future surveys especially in arena of clinical health psychology
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This research aims to study influence of development of Islamic ontology on activating components of emotional intelligence quality. It revolves on two hypotheses: 1. Therapeutic intervention based on Islamic ontology is effective in... more
This research aims to study influence of development of Islamic ontology on activating components of emotional intelligence quality. It revolves on two hypotheses:
1. Therapeutic intervention based on Islamic ontology is effective in activating components of emotional intelligence quality;
2. Therapeutic intervention based on Islamic ontology has a different impact on activating components of emotional intelligence quality.
It is important to note that tool used in the present research is Bar-On EQ-I questionnaire which has been standardized by Dehshiri (2003) in Iran. Methodology applied is experimental using pretest-posttest with control group. Population involved in this research is composed of 18 women (30-35 years old) who have participated in group therapy program. Afterwards, they were randomly divided into two groups – 9 subjects in test group and 9 individuals in control group. Also, data collected were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Finally, research findings showed that such therapeutic method is effective in activating participators' emotional intelligence quality
1. Therapeutic intervention based on Islamic ontology is effective in activating components of emotional intelligence quality;
2. Therapeutic intervention based on Islamic ontology has a different impact on activating components of emotional intelligence quality.
It is important to note that tool used in the present research is Bar-On EQ-I questionnaire which has been standardized by Dehshiri (2003) in Iran. Methodology applied is experimental using pretest-posttest with control group. Population involved in this research is composed of 18 women (30-35 years old) who have participated in group therapy program. Afterwards, they were randomly divided into two groups – 9 subjects in test group and 9 individuals in control group. Also, data collected were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Finally, research findings showed that such therapeutic method is effective in activating participators' emotional intelligence quality
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In order to study relationship between method of religious education and parents' religiousness rate with educational styles used in educating and fostering girls and boys, the present survey was done. To do this, 374 students (177 boys... more
In order to study relationship between method of religious education and parents' religiousness rate with educational styles used in educating and fostering girls and boys, the present survey was done. To do this, 374 students (177 boys and 197 girls) were selected as sample. They completed questionnaires of "method of religious education", "family environment", "researcher-made", and "parents' religiousness rate". Analysis of data via One-way ANOVA indicated that mother's religiousness rate is more influential than other styles. Also, results of Post-hoc Scheffe's test showed that there is a significant difference between scores of styles (authoritatively and negligently) mother applied in educating children. In addition, research findings demonstrated that method of religious education is meaningfully different in boys and girls; frequency of girls in both methods – authoritatively and negligently – is high especially in the former, while frequency of boys is more than expected in the latter method. Using two-way Chi-square test it was found that applied educational styled adopted by parents are significantly different for education of girls and boys. Accordingly, girls' frequency in authoritative style is more than expected limit, while boys' frequency in negligent style is paramount. Furthermore, in "discussion and conclusion" section, role of educational styles and how religious lessons can be educated have been discussed according to findings of the research
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This study aims to compare human based on Roger's viewpoint and Islamic perspective. Since humanology is considered as a foundation of humanities including psychology, studying in the related issues like personality theories and... more
This study aims to compare human based on Roger's viewpoint and Islamic perspective. Since humanology is considered as a foundation of humanities including psychology, studying in the related issues like personality theories and individuals' mental health is of importance and necessity. Carl Rogers is one of phenomenologist psychologists that his humanologist standpoint has some similarities and significant differences with Edmund Husserl's (1859-1938) and Abraham Maslow's (1908 – 1970). On the other hand, Roger's point of view has some commonalities with Islam's perspective. Consequently, the paper refers to some of these similarities and differences
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This article reports a descriptive-normative research performed to design a scale and determine its reliability as well as authentication. Patience, on one hand, is a psychological concept, and on the other hand, is one of religious... more
This article reports a descriptive-normative research performed to design a scale and determine its reliability as well as authentication. Patience, on one hand, is a psychological concept, and on the other hand, is one of religious coping strategies which can help individuals overcome daily mental pressures, and omit or diminish their damages. To design needed questionnaire, Quran verses, interpretations, narration books and ethical works were consulted. The questionnaire is composed of 48 statements in the form of three categories namely "patience versus difficulty", "patience to obedience", and "patience to sin". Research population is 148 first-year girl students of Tehran high schools, selected using random cluster sampling. The validity of the scale has been approved by Quran and religion sciences experts' viewpoint, and its reliability was determined according to Cronbach's alpha (=0.866). By means of this suggested scale, adolescents who have not needed patience can be identified and thus influential steps can be taken towards their mental health using practical lessons originated from religion and psychological foundations
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This research tries to study students' religious attitudes and determine the relationship among cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of their attitudes. To do this, some questions were posed and Religious Orientation Test... more
This research tries to study students' religious attitudes and determine the relationship among cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of their attitudes. To do this, some questions were posed and Religious Orientation Test (Azarbaijani, 2004) was utilized. The test was applied among four student groups which were selected using random sampling method. The data collected were analyzed using statistical tests such as T, chi-square, correlation, ANOVA, and Scheffe post-hoc test through SPSS software. Research findings indicated that rate of students' religious attitudes is high. Also, it was found that there is a significant relationship among cognitive, emotional and behavioral components in students' religious attitudes
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This research tries to study students' religious attitudes and determine the relationship among cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of their attitudes. To do this, some questions were posed and Religious Orientation Test... more
This research tries to study students' religious attitudes and determine the relationship among cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of their attitudes. To do this, some questions were posed and Religious Orientation Test (Azarbaijani, 2004) was utilized. The test was applied among four student groups which were selected using random sampling method. The data collected were analyzed using statistical tests such as T, chi-square, correlation, ANOVA, and Scheffe post-hoc test through SPSS software. Research findings indicated that rate of students' religious attitudes is high. Also, it was found that there is a significant relationship among cognitive, emotional and behavioral components in students' religious attitudes
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This review paper attempts to answer the question “do Imams’ (PBUH) prayers affect daily life and mental health of individuals who read them faithfully?”. In order to answer this question, Imam Sajjad’s (PBUH) prayers have been selected... more
This review paper attempts to answer the question “do Imams’ (PBUH) prayers affect daily life and mental health of individuals who read them faithfully?”. In order to answer this question, Imam Sajjad’s (PBUH) prayers have been selected as sample and thus were analyzed by content. Hence, its various topics have been compared to standards accepted by mental health in terms of cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social aspects. Finally, it was concluded that the philosophy of prayer is not only a request of God and accordingly his response, but it is for that someone who prays can hear his/her sayings; prayer is more than a demand and it is truly an instruction, repetition and induction by which persons can identify themselves, universe and the creator, coping better with life problems and improving their relations with God, universe and society
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This quasi-experimental research aims to study psychological dimensions of Hajj rituals (Manasek-e-Hajj) and its effectiveness in the general health of hojjaj. Its population is composed of 22500 pilgrims who registered in Tehran... more
This quasi-experimental research aims to study psychological dimensions of Hajj rituals (Manasek-e-Hajj) and its effectiveness in the general health of hojjaj. Its population is composed of 22500 pilgrims who registered in Tehran Province. Among them, 105 subjects (62 males, 43 females) were selected as sample and were asked to fill GHQ (General Health Questionnaire) before and after their travel (pre-test and post-test). Data collected were analyzed using dependent and independent T-test and one-way ANOVA. Research findings indicate that a) general health total number of hojjaj in post-test stage improved significantly compared to pre-test stage; b) based on comparing pre-test and follow-up stages, general health of hojjaj and components "anxiety" and "depression" were significantly different; c) general health total number of hojjaj as well as status of symptoms, anxiety and depression in follow-up stage changed significantly compared to post-test stage; d) research findings were not affected by factors like sex, age, education level and previous experience in hajj. Finally, it was concluded that doing hajj rituals increases general health of hojjaj.
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This review summarizes the current meta-analysis literature on treatment outcomes of CBT for a wide range of psychiatric disorders. A search of the literature resulted in a total of 16 methodologically rigorous meta-analyses. Our review... more
This review summarizes the current meta-analysis literature on treatment outcomes of CBT for a wide range of psychiatric disorders. A search of the literature resulted in a total of 16 methodologically rigorous meta-analyses. Our review focuses on effect sizes that contrast outcomes for CBT with outcomes for various control groups for each disorder, which provides an overview of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy as quantified by meta-analysis. Large effect sizes were found for CBT for unipolar depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, social phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and childhood depressive and anxiety disorders. Effect sizes for CBT of marital distress, anger, childhood somatic disorders, and chronic pain were in the moderate range. CBT was somewhat superior to antidepressants in the treatment of adult depression. CBT was equally effective as behavior therapy in the treatment of adult depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Large uncontrolled effect sizes were found for bulimia nervosa and schizophrenia. The 16 meta-analyses we reviewed support the efficacy of CBT for many disorders. While limitations of the meta-analytic approach need to be considered in interpreting the results of this review, our findings are consistent with other review methodologies that also provide support for the efficacy CBT.
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The present survey deals with the impact of Islam-based education on girl adolescents' self-esteem. Research sample is composed of high school girl students in Fereidoonkenar. Using random cluster sampling, 30 subjects in the form of two... more
The present survey deals with the impact of Islam-based education on girl adolescents' self-esteem. Research sample is composed of high school girl students in Fereidoonkenar. Using random cluster sampling, 30 subjects in the form of two groups – test and control – were given Alice Pope's Self-esteem Questionnaire as well as demographic questionnaire to fill. As a result of analyzing data via both descriptive and inferential statistics, research findings show that Islam-based education has had impact on general self-esteem (P=0.000 and P=0.000), family self-esteem (P=0.001 and P=0.003) in pre-test and post-test courses. Yet, it has not had any influence on education self-esteem (P=0.545 and P=0.345) in both courses. Also, the impact of Islam-based education was significant (P=0.000) on adolescents' self-esteem at post-test course, while its influence was not significant (P=0.177) at follow-up courses. In addition, Islam-based education has had impact on social self-esteem in post-test course (P=0.000), whereas it has not had any influence at follow-up course (P=0.062). finally, it should be noted that Islam-based education has impact on physical and social self-esteem in post-test course
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The present study aims to answer two main questions: 1. Can behavioristic approach explain the prayer like other human's activities? 2. Is the explanation of the prayer based on behavioristic approach compatible with Quran verses and... more
The present study aims to answer two main questions:
1. Can behavioristic approach explain the prayer like other human's activities?
2. Is the explanation of the prayer based on behavioristic approach compatible with Quran verses and narrations of Imams (PBUH)
In order to generalize behaviorism to religious topics (e.g. the prayer) and explain what and how it should be trained, the study is considered as a step towards experimentation of Islamic psychology issues. Firstly, it deals with the principles and fundamentals of two important approaches of behaviorism, namely "Classical Conditioning" and "Factor Conditioning", are shortly discussed. Afterwards, Quran verses and narrations of Imams (PBUH) are consulted to confirm these psychological principles. Finally, compatibility between fundamentals of behavioristic approach and Quran verses and narrations of Imams (PBUH) are emphasized and thus mentioned questions will be replied. Accordingly, the prayer – similar to other human's behaviors – is a function of behaviorism principles, and this is consistent with the verses of Quran as well as Islamic narrations. In conclusion, it is indicated that behaviorism, as a school of thought, has not psychological universality, and like other psychological schools only examines some of human's aspects
1. Can behavioristic approach explain the prayer like other human's activities?
2. Is the explanation of the prayer based on behavioristic approach compatible with Quran verses and narrations of Imams (PBUH)
In order to generalize behaviorism to religious topics (e.g. the prayer) and explain what and how it should be trained, the study is considered as a step towards experimentation of Islamic psychology issues. Firstly, it deals with the principles and fundamentals of two important approaches of behaviorism, namely "Classical Conditioning" and "Factor Conditioning", are shortly discussed. Afterwards, Quran verses and narrations of Imams (PBUH) are consulted to confirm these psychological principles. Finally, compatibility between fundamentals of behavioristic approach and Quran verses and narrations of Imams (PBUH) are emphasized and thus mentioned questions will be replied. Accordingly, the prayer – similar to other human's behaviors – is a function of behaviorism principles, and this is consistent with the verses of Quran as well as Islamic narrations. In conclusion, it is indicated that behaviorism, as a school of thought, has not psychological universality, and like other psychological schools only examines some of human's aspects
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The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of patience training in the reduction of anxiety and depression, and in the increase of happiness. Using random cluster sampling, 65 subjects (22 anxious subjects, 23 depressed... more
The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of patience training in the reduction of anxiety and depression, and in the increase of happiness. Using random cluster sampling, 65 subjects (22 anxious subjects, 23 depressed subjects and 20 anxious-depressed ones) were selected from first-year girl students of Tehran high schools (Region 17). Then, they were divided into control and test groups. As intervening factor, patience training was given to test groups but control groups were given no intervention. Methodology used is experimental. Furthermore, measurement tools are Patience Measurement Scale (with reliability 0.866), Zung Self rating Anxiety Scale (with reliability 0.78), Beck Depression Inventory (with reliability 0.87) and The oxford happiness Inventory (with reliability 0.80). Research findings in courses "pre-test", "post-test" and "follow-up" demonstrate that patience training has led to the reduction of anxiety and depression, and the increase of happiness within test groups. Consequently, patience training can be utilized as an intervention for reducing anxiety and depression, and increasing the level of happiness in anxious, depressed as well as anxious-depressed adolescents
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One of problems of Iranian prisons is high rate of delinquency and illegal behaviors happened in the prisons by prisoners. Some of these behaviors include aggression and quarrel, disobedience of laws and regulations, drug abuse, rebellion... more
One of problems of Iranian prisons is high rate of delinquency and illegal behaviors happened in the prisons by prisoners. Some of these behaviors include aggression and quarrel, disobedience of laws and regulations, drug abuse, rebellion and so on. In order to study efficiency rate of monotheistic integrated therapy in reduction of prisoners' delinquency, 100 prisoners of Qom Central Prison were randomly selected and organized into two groups. One group was given monotheistic integrated therapy for 9 months and the other served as control group. Analyzing data collected from pre-test and post-test indicated that rate of delinquent and criminal behaviors in test group which was under monotheistic integrated therapy decreased to 90%, while there was no significant reduction in the control group
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This survey aims to study the relationship between various aspects of religiousness and students' happiness. To do this, 240 students of Isfahan Girls' High Schools were selected and studied via multistage cluster sampling. Collected data... more
This survey aims to study the relationship between various aspects of religiousness and students' happiness. To do this, 240 students of Isfahan Girls' High Schools were selected and studied via multistage cluster sampling. Collected data were analyzed using multiple regression. According to findings, there is a significant relationship between various aspects of religiousness and students' happiness. As a closing remark, it can be said that religiousness and its different aspects have a considerable impact on mental health especially girl students' happiness
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Cognitive, personal, and social variables play a vital role in the clarification of relationship between religious attitude and mental health. Yet, this has been rarely considered empirically. Thus, the present research deals with this... more
Cognitive, personal, and social variables play a vital role in the clarification of relationship between religious attitude and mental health. Yet, this has been rarely considered empirically. Thus, the present research deals with this topic in Isfahan Girls' High Schools. To do this, it was assumed that there is a relationship between religious attitude and mental health of girls at high schools. Methodology used is descriptive. Research sample is composed of 100 girls studying at disciplines "Experimental Sciences", "Humanities" and "Mathematics and Physics". These students were randomly selected from 5 high schools. To collect needed data for analysis, Religious Attitude Test (including 18 3-points questions) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were applied. In order to analyze data, descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient along with SPSS software (version 13) were utilized. Findings indicate that there is a relationship between religious attitude and "anxiety and social dysfunction". Also, there is no significant relationship between religious attitude and "somatization and depression". Finally, it was concluded that there is a direct relation between religious attitude and mental health. Further research is needed to study generalizability rate of these findings
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One of problems of Iranian prisons is high rate of delinquency and illegal behaviors happened in the prisons by prisoners. Some of these behaviors include aggression and quarrel, disobedience of laws and regulations, drug abuse, rebellion... more
One of problems of Iranian prisons is high rate of delinquency and illegal behaviors happened in the prisons by prisoners. Some of these behaviors include aggression and quarrel, disobedience of laws and regulations, drug abuse, rebellion and so on. In order to study efficiency rate of monotheistic integrated therapy in reduction of prisoners' delinquency, 100 prisoners of Qom Central Prison were randomly selected and organized into two groups. One group was given monotheistic integrated therapy for 9 months and the other served as control group. Analyzing data collected from pre-test and post-test indicated that rate of delinquent and criminal behaviors in test group which was under monotheistic integrated therapy decreased to 90%, while there was no significant reduction in the control group
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Self-leadership is a process through which a person can generate and preserve behaviors that lead him to maturity and perfection. This research is a comparative study between a four-stage Islamic self-evaluation and self-leadership... more
Self-leadership is a process through which a person can generate and preserve behaviors that lead him to maturity and perfection. This research is a comparative study between a four-stage Islamic self-evaluation and self-leadership behavioral-focused strategies. Self-leadership is one of the issues that have been recently brought about in the field of management. In Islamic texts, great attention has been given to certain issues including self-knowledge and self-evaluation.The present article, first discusses self-knowledge and self-evaluation in Islam, then it studies self-leadership and self-evaluation and ultimately applies the four-stage model of self-evaluation in Islam (self-stipulation, self-examination, self-analysis, self-upbraiding) to self-leadership behavioral-focused strategies as one of the new management theories.
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The "natural" religion of Islam, as a way of life, has a comprehensive plan for immunizing human behavior against perversion and sex-related problems. This research aims to reach an Islamic model of safe and improved sexual behavior which... more
The "natural" religion of Islam, as a way of life, has a comprehensive plan for immunizing human behavior against perversion and sex-related problems. This research aims to reach an Islamic model of safe and improved sexual behavior which is immune to sexual perversions, problems and disorders. The research method is descriptive-analytical involving processing system and discovery of causal relations.
This model of “immunization” is called hesān which constitutes two basic aspects i.e. marriage and chastity. That is, “safe gratification of sexual desire by way of marriage” and “continence and self-sexual control”. The root cause of many marital problems and perversion lies in the disorder existing in one of these two aspects.
This model consists of principles, programs and extensive strategies enabling individuals to control and guide their sexual instinct and immunize themselves against perversion and disorder. Overall, these strategies result in the appearance of a normal sexual behavior, a calm and sublime life with the family. In case there is a need for reform and treatment, these strategies, if applied within the framework of a new psychological technique, can help an individual reach an “immune sexual behavior
This model of “immunization” is called hesān which constitutes two basic aspects i.e. marriage and chastity. That is, “safe gratification of sexual desire by way of marriage” and “continence and self-sexual control”. The root cause of many marital problems and perversion lies in the disorder existing in one of these two aspects.
This model consists of principles, programs and extensive strategies enabling individuals to control and guide their sexual instinct and immunize themselves against perversion and disorder. Overall, these strategies result in the appearance of a normal sexual behavior, a calm and sublime life with the family. In case there is a need for reform and treatment, these strategies, if applied within the framework of a new psychological technique, can help an individual reach an “immune sexual behavior
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The present research aims to design and build religious adherence test and assess its validity on the basis of the statements of the Holy Quran and Nahjul Balaghah. For this reason, first of all some behavioral statements were chosen and... more
The present research aims to design and build religious adherence test and assess its validity on the basis of the statements of the Holy Quran and Nahjul Balaghah. For this reason, first of all some behavioral statements were chosen and then a questionnaire study consisting of 60 questions was conducted on a sample of 682 undergraduate students from the universities of Tehran province. These students were selected through a random cluster sampling process. Allport's religious orientation test was also used to ascertain the validity of the criterion. Finally, the data were studied through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The findings revealed three factors (religious adherence, religious ambivalence and religious non-adherence) which enjoyed a desirable level of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha equal to 816). The results of factor analysis with exploratory analysis showed 6 factors and the confirmatory analysis showed 3 factors which explain a considerable percentage of variance of the two factors. This test also showed meaningful consistency with Allport's religious orientation scale. The conclusion is that it is possible to make, on the basis of religious statements, a test of high validity with consistent factors and ample ability to measure religious behaviors.
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The object of this research is to study the relationship between the different dimensions of religiosity and moral identity in students of Isfahan University. For this purpose, a quasi-experiment design was used and a sample of 78 members... more
The object of this research is to study the relationship between the different dimensions of religiosity and moral identity in students of Isfahan University. For this purpose, a quasi-experiment design was used and a sample of 78 members (41 males, 37 females) was selected by random sampling whereupon religiosity measure questionnaire (Aquino,2002) and moral identity scale (Serajzade, 1377) were given to them. Moral identity questionnaire ascertains the scale of moral development in the two aspects of symbolization and internalization. Religiosity measure questionnaire, which has been built on the base of Glock & Stark’s multi-dimensional religiosity theory, studies four aspects of religiosity including belief, sentiment (experimental), consequence (application) and ritual. The results suggest that there is no difference between male and female groups on the basis of moral identity and religiosity scores. Also, the results showed that there is a significant meaningful relationship between religiosity and moral identity total scores of both the sexes. Also there are significant correlations between the sub-scales of symbolization, application and ritual in females and the sub-scales of internalization and belief in males
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Anger is an emotion that has negative and destructive consequences and it has long been the focus of intellectuals' attention. In Islamic narrative texts, effects of out-of-control anger, physiological and behavioral symptoms, and the... more
Anger is an emotion that has negative and destructive consequences and it has long been the focus of intellectuals' attention. In Islamic narrative texts, effects of out-of-control anger, physiological and behavioral symptoms, and the detrimental effects of anger on family and social relationships have been explained in details.
The present research aims to study the principles and methods of anger management for families based on Islamic viewpoint and psychological research. We discussed the literature available in Islamic and psychological texts to examine the concept of anger and its consequences on interpersonal and family relationships. Also, a body of research was conducted to study factors influencing anger, effects of anger on interpersonal relationships, and proper methods for controlling anger on the basis of religious teachings and modern psychology.
The present research aims to study the principles and methods of anger management for families based on Islamic viewpoint and psychological research. We discussed the literature available in Islamic and psychological texts to examine the concept of anger and its consequences on interpersonal and family relationships. Also, a body of research was conducted to study factors influencing anger, effects of anger on interpersonal relationships, and proper methods for controlling anger on the basis of religious teachings and modern psychology.
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The purpose of this research is to ascertain whether or not implicit association test (IAT) can measure indirect attitudes. Implicit association test (IAT) is a computer based experimental method within social psychology designed to... more
The purpose of this research is to ascertain whether or not implicit association test (IAT) can measure indirect attitudes. Implicit association test (IAT) is a computer based experimental method within social psychology designed to measure indirect attitudes. It has been endeavored in this experiment, which is conducted on an Iranian sample with a different subject, to study the reliability of this test and to compare its results with those of explicit attitude measure. For this purpose, 24 undergraduate psychology students were selected randomly and IAT as well as 3 explicit attitude scales were used to measure their attitude to the IQ status of governmental and open university students. Data were analyzed with Cronbach's Alpha (a), Pearson correlation coefficient (r), independent test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that IAT expected reliability was (a = 0/84). On the other hand, despite high correlation between explicit scales, correlations between implicit and explicit scales were low. This research, while demonstrating the usefulness of IAT test in measuring implicit social attitudes, proposes the probability of differences in structures that were measured with implicit and explicit scales
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The present research aims to measure the "relationship between the spiritual and emotional intelligence of the students of Isfahan University". The research method has been descriptive-correlative and a sample of 450 individuals was... more
The present research aims to measure the "relationship between the spiritual and emotional intelligence of the students of Isfahan University". The research method has been descriptive-correlative and a sample of 450 individuals was selected by a multi-level random cluster sampling process. The measurement tool, which included trait emotional intelligence questionnaire by Petrides and Furnham (2003) and spiritual intelligence questionnaire, reported a reliability rating of 0/84 and 0/87, respectively. The statistical method of multi-variate regression analysis was used to analyze the obtained data. The results according to the estimation of regression analysis revealed the correlation of spiritual and emotional intelligence being visible at different aspects. The relationship between spiritual and emotional intelligence is meaningful in the sense that greater spiritual intelligence leads to greater emotional intelligence
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The study of traits psychology and ethics reveal a similarity of their bases about personality. The simplest hypothesis is the derivation of traits theory from ethics. In this article, the basis of traits psychology in ethics is analyzed.... more
The study of traits psychology and ethics reveal a similarity of their bases about personality. The simplest hypothesis is the derivation of traits theory from ethics. In this article, the basis of traits psychology in ethics is analyzed. In this way, the approach of traits in personality is studied. Then, the most important ethical theories such as Plato’s, Aristotle’s, Avicenna’s, Feiz Kashani’s, Naraghi’s, Ghazali’s and others’ are discussed. The observations show that explanation of personality based on traits has been a dominant approach in the field of ethics, for many years. Especially, considerable conversion and similarity exists between the traits theory and Ghazali’s view. The research findings show that Ghazali’s approach to personality description and people’s categorization has been based on a simple subjective analysis. Thus, it can be said that eventhough traits psychology has been popular in 1940’s to 70’s with the works of Allport and Cattel, but the basis of traits analysis returns to ethical scholars such as Plato, Aristotle, Avicenna, Ibn Moskevayh, Naraghi and Ghazali
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The research analyzes the mental picture of God in juvenile and youth felons. The research method is descriptive and the statistical population includes all juvenile and youth felons between the age of 15 and 20, who resided in Isfahan... more
The research analyzes the mental picture of God in juvenile and youth felons. The research method is descriptive and the statistical population includes all juvenile and youth felons between the age of 15 and 20, who resided in Isfahan jail in years 1386-87. By simple random sampling, 66 students were picked and studied. The researcher designed a 21-qestion questionnaire with a validity of 0.86. The data was studied by the t-test statistical method. The resulting average of the three factors God's existence, God's knowledge, God's invisibility was greater than the assumed average. On the other hand, the resulting average of the four factors God's power, God's justice, loving God, and God's reward was lower than the assumed average
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The main purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of moral intelligence in the view of Borba (2005) and Lennick and Kiel (2003) with the view of Quran and Imams. Moral development of people is directly related to their behavior.... more
The main purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of moral intelligence in the view of Borba (2005) and Lennick and Kiel (2003) with the view of Quran and Imams. Moral development of people is directly related to their behavior. This study performs a conceptual and theoretical analysis of religious texts such as: Quran, Nahjul Balagheh, Tohaful Oghoul, Baharul Anvar, Mizanul Hekmeh, and Ghorarul Hekam. The results show that:1. Among the general principles of moral intelligence of Borba (empathy, consciousness, attention and respect, self-control, kindness, fairness, and tolerance), religious texts stress consciousness, attention and respect, self-control, kindness, and fairness. 2. Among the four specific principles of moral intelligence of Lennick and Kiel (right-doing, sense of responsibility, kindness, and mercy), religious texts concentrate on right-doing, sense of responsibility, and mercy
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Personality characteristics are factors that have a great impact on the type of human relations and social interactions. Also, religion is the fact that has always been with mankind and constructs the foundation of his life. The purpose... more
Personality characteristics are factors that have a great impact on the type of human relations and social interactions. Also, religion is the fact that has always been with mankind and constructs the foundation of his life. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between personality characteristics and acting to religious beliefs. Therefore, in the format of a correlational research design, 129 subjects (63 males and 66 females) were selected among undergraduate psychology students of Tehran public universities, using cluster random sampling. All subjects responded to items of NEO-FFI personality inventory and Mabad Scale. The results were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression. The results of this study showed that there was a significant positive relation between agreeableness and conscientiousness with acting to religious beliefs (P<0.01). But the relation between extraversion and acting to religious beliefs were not significant. There was also a significant negative correlation between openness to experience and neuroticism with acting to religious beliefs (P<0.05). The results revealed that agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience significantly predicted 24.2%, 2.8% and 11.1% of acting to religious beliefs, respectively (P<0.05). Considering the role of religion in psychological studies, emphasizing this fact in the field of teaching and training could significantly enhance the standards of mental health in society.
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The purpose of this research is to introduce a therapy model. This model, called monotheist integrated therapy, is a multimodal and comprehensive therapy that is suggested for curing anxiety disorder, personality disorder, drug dependence... more
The purpose of this research is to introduce a therapy model. This model, called monotheist integrated therapy, is a multimodal and comprehensive therapy that is suggested for curing anxiety disorder, personality disorder, drug dependence disorder, and misbehavior disorder. In this model, different psychotherapy techniques in monotheist-spiritual teachings of Islam are manipulated to nurture certain values in a person that can build his personality. Today, the Islamic society needs a therapy system based on psychological and religious teachings. That is because, when the therapy system is coordinated with the cultural background, values, and beliefs of one from one side, and the divine teachings of religions, especially monotheism and deep and sincere connection with God, from the other side, and is used along with different approaches of psychotherapy, the effectiveness of therapy will dramatically increase. That is because monotheism is the most influential factor on the cohesiveness and integration of one's personality
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The purpose of this research is analysis of the role of religious orientation, religiosity, and distributive and procedural just world beliefs of students by correlational studies. The statistical population includes the freshman students... more
The purpose of this research is analysis of the role of religious orientation, religiosity, and distributive and procedural just world beliefs of students by correlational studies. The statistical population includes the freshman students of the College of Psychology and Education of Azad University, Khorasgan branch, in 1386-1387 academic year. The multi-phase sampling included a sample of 210 students in different terms. The survey includes a short, 12-question, GHQ form; a 15-question questionnaire on religiosity; a 14- question questionnaire on intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation; and a 10-question questionnaire on distributive and procedural just world beliefs. The resulting data was analyzed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The analysis of simple correlations show that religiosity, extrinsic-intrinsic religious orientation and distributive and procedural just world beliefs have a meaningful correlation with general health (P<0/01 or P<0/05). However, the analysis shows that only religiosity and distributive just world beliefs can affect general health of students. The two aforementioned variables can explain 8.2 percent of general student health variance
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The aim of this research is to study the causes and grounds of domestic violence against women. Thus, a theoretical meta-analysis was performed on several previous Iranian and other research works. The results show that the causes of... more
The aim of this research is to study the causes and grounds of domestic violence against women. Thus, a theoretical meta-analysis was performed on several previous Iranian and other research works. The results show that the causes of violence against women are restricted to personal, interpersonal, and social categories. The personal causes can be biological (such as male hormones and physical ability) or psychological (such as suspicion, immorality and addiction). The interpersonal causes include various factors such as gender, social learning and relational problems (such as conflict and felony). The social causes include economic (unemployment, low income) and cultural (social acceptance of violence, prejudgments about women) factors, which will be discussed in detail.
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There is a significant relationship between religious activities and man's health and wellbeing. In addition to attitude, faith, and love Islam possesses practical aspects and rituals too. The statistical population of this study includes... more
There is a significant relationship between religious activities and man's health and wellbeing. In addition to attitude, faith, and love Islam possesses practical aspects and rituals too.
The statistical population of this study includes all university students from Tehran who have traveled to Mecca to perform `umrah in July 2004. The statistical sample of this study were 234 university students who were selected by cluster sampling method from among two student caravans of `umrah pilgrimage. One consisting of 123 female students (mean age = 21.5; SD = 3) and the other one 111 male students (mean age = 22.5; SD = 5). The instruments used in this study for collecting data include: the Practicing Religious Beliefs Questionnaire, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The results show that students participation in `umrah pilgrimage increases their happiness and decreases their mental disorders, anxiety, body symptoms, social disorders, and depression.
The statistical population of this study includes all university students from Tehran who have traveled to Mecca to perform `umrah in July 2004. The statistical sample of this study were 234 university students who were selected by cluster sampling method from among two student caravans of `umrah pilgrimage. One consisting of 123 female students (mean age = 21.5; SD = 3) and the other one 111 male students (mean age = 22.5; SD = 5). The instruments used in this study for collecting data include: the Practicing Religious Beliefs Questionnaire, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The results show that students participation in `umrah pilgrimage increases their happiness and decreases their mental disorders, anxiety, body symptoms, social disorders, and depression.
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Zikr (or Dhikr) means remembering God in heart and calling Him on tongue. zikr, as an essential psychological process, can produce relaxation and assurance. Unfortunately it has not yet been investigated psychologically. Regarding the... more
Zikr (or Dhikr) means remembering God in heart and calling Him on tongue. zikr, as an essential psychological process, can produce relaxation and assurance. Unfortunately it has not yet been investigated psychologically. Regarding the significance of zikr in spiritual growth a questionnaire was prepared and validated in this study. After checking its face validity, zikr Questionnaire was distributed to 129 students (47 male and 82 female) of the University of Isfahan (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.87). the results suggest that the most common times of practicing zikr for students are after 5 daily prayers and in turbulent times and the most common places were everywhere and then mosque. The most common zikr practiced by students were salawat (saying peace and blessings be upon Muhammad and his household), tasbih (the repetitive utterances of short sentences glorifying God), God's Names and verses of the Holy Quran. Although there were considerable similarities between zikr attitudes in male and female students, level of tendency to zikr among females was significantly higher than male students (p<0.01
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The aim of the present paper is to investigate the relationship between religious orientation and personality traits of male and female students of University of Muhaqqiq Ardabili. Instruments used by this study are: the Neo Personality... more
The aim of the present paper is to investigate the relationship between religious orientation and personality traits of male and female students of University of Muhaqqiq Ardabili. Instruments used by this study are: the Neo Personality Inventory –Revised (NEO PI-R) and the Religious Orientation Scale. The research design is a descriptive one of the correlative type. The statistical population of this study includes all male and female students who have studied in the University of Muhaqqiq Ardabili during the 2009-2010 academic year. A sample of 120 students consisting 60 female and 60 male students were selected by cluster sampling method. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis method, Pearson correlation coefficient, t test, two independent group, and variance analysis. The findings suggest that there is a significant and positive relationship between religious orientation and personality variables (p≤0.01). They also suggest that there is a significant difference between male and female students from a religious orientation and personality perspective (p≤0.05).
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The purpose of the present study is to identify the effectiveness rate of religious knowledge, attitude, and behavior on happiness of students (especially the girl students of middle and high schools of district no. 2 in Kerman). The... more
The purpose of the present study is to identify the effectiveness rate of religious knowledge, attitude, and behavior on happiness of students (especially the girl students of middle and high schools of district no. 2 in Kerman). The research design is a descriptive one of the causative-comparative type. The instruments for collecting data include: the Religious Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. 159 students from high school and 104 students from middle school were selected by random sampling to answer questions. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). The following results were obtained:
results support a low level of religious knowledge, a positive religious attitude, and a suitable and efficient religious behavior;
there is high level of happiness among students
religious knowledge has no effect on happiness of students
religious behavior and attitude has an effect on their happiness
grade level has an impact on religious knowledge;
the average has an impact on religious knowledge, religious behavior, and their happiness;
grade and age has an impact on religious behavior.
results support a low level of religious knowledge, a positive religious attitude, and a suitable and efficient religious behavior;
there is high level of happiness among students
religious knowledge has no effect on happiness of students
religious behavior and attitude has an effect on their happiness
grade level has an impact on religious knowledge;
the average has an impact on religious knowledge, religious behavior, and their happiness;
grade and age has an impact on religious behavior.
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The present study is concerned with the effectiveness of cognitive training with an Islamic approach on students' life satisfaction through the following two hypotheses: cognitive training on students' life satisfaction through an Islamic... more
The present study is concerned with the effectiveness of cognitive training with an Islamic approach on students' life satisfaction through the following two hypotheses: cognitive training on students' life satisfaction through an Islamic approach at the post test and follow up stages.
The instrument of this study was the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al., 1985) which its validity was examined (by Bayani et al., 2007) through measuring Cronbach's alpha. The research method used in this study was experimental design of pre test, post test, follow up and control group. The study's statistical population was defined as all students who have visited the Counseling Center of Isfahan University during the 2009-2010 academic year. Among them 30 were selected by simple random sampling and were divided into two 15-person groups of control and experiment by simple random sampling too. Since 3 persons of experiment group were not present, therefore 3 persons of control group were omitted. The Cognitive Training with an Islamic Approach Course was held in nine 45-minute sessions, two sessions per week. In order to analyze the statistical data, the covariance analysis method was used. In this study, the significance level is p<0.05. The results show that The Cognitive Training with an Islamic Approach Course enhances satisfaction with life among those students who have referred to the Counseling Center of University at the post test and follow up stages.
The instrument of this study was the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al., 1985) which its validity was examined (by Bayani et al., 2007) through measuring Cronbach's alpha. The research method used in this study was experimental design of pre test, post test, follow up and control group. The study's statistical population was defined as all students who have visited the Counseling Center of Isfahan University during the 2009-2010 academic year. Among them 30 were selected by simple random sampling and were divided into two 15-person groups of control and experiment by simple random sampling too. Since 3 persons of experiment group were not present, therefore 3 persons of control group were omitted. The Cognitive Training with an Islamic Approach Course was held in nine 45-minute sessions, two sessions per week. In order to analyze the statistical data, the covariance analysis method was used. In this study, the significance level is p<0.05. The results show that The Cognitive Training with an Islamic Approach Course enhances satisfaction with life among those students who have referred to the Counseling Center of University at the post test and follow up stages.
Research Interests:
The present study has been done with the aim of investigating the relationship between religious orientation, practical obligation to the Islamic tenets, and students' mental health. The statistical population of this study was the... more
The present study has been done with the aim of investigating the relationship between religious orientation, practical obligation to the Islamic tenets, and students' mental health. The statistical population of this study was the Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, 340 of them were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The investigation instruments were: the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the Practical Obligation to the Islamic Tenets, and Religious Orientation Questionnaire. In the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the lower the score the better the individual's mental health. In order to analyze statistical data, Pearsonian correlation method and multiple stepwise regression method have been utilized. The results show that:
- There is a negative and significant relationship between intrinsic religious orientation and mental health (p = 0.001 & r = -0.44).
- There is a negative and significant relationship between social extrinsic religious orientation and mental health (p = 0.001 & r = -0.40).
- There is a negative and significant relationship between personal extrinsic religious orientation and mental health (p = 0.001 & r = -0.37).
- There is a negative and significant relationship between practical obligation to the Islamic tenets and mental health (p = 0.001 & r = -0.50).
- The results also show that practical obligation to the Islamic tenets and intrinsic religious orientation predict 0.26 of common variance and this is significant at 0.001 level.
- There is a negative and significant relationship between intrinsic religious orientation and mental health (p = 0.001 & r = -0.44).
- There is a negative and significant relationship between social extrinsic religious orientation and mental health (p = 0.001 & r = -0.40).
- There is a negative and significant relationship between personal extrinsic religious orientation and mental health (p = 0.001 & r = -0.37).
- There is a negative and significant relationship between practical obligation to the Islamic tenets and mental health (p = 0.001 & r = -0.50).
- The results also show that practical obligation to the Islamic tenets and intrinsic religious orientation predict 0.26 of common variance and this is significant at 0.001 level.
Research Interests:
In order to investigate the relationship between religious identity, religious attitude, psychological hardiness and mental health among mu`takifs of Rasht mosques, 96 persons (men from Qods mosque and women from Imam Reza mosque) were... more
In order to investigate the relationship between religious identity, religious attitude, psychological hardiness and mental health among mu`takifs of Rasht mosques, 96 persons (men from Qods mosque and women from Imam Reza mosque) were selected by simple random sampling. Mu`takifs filled up the questionnaires about religious identity, psychological hardiness, and mental health as well as demographic questionnaire. The statistical data were analyzed using one group and two group t test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple stepwise regression analysis. The results suggest that the testees in this study from the viewpoint of religious identity, religious attitude, psychological hardiness and mental health are in a better position than common people and in almost a desired state. The religious identity, of all the variables of this study, is capable of predicting the testees' mental health. The present study in line with many other researches, done based on religion, suggest that mu`takifs are in a desired position with respect to studied characteristics. Thus it is recommended to plan better and support more efficiently the youth i`tikaf.